The Daily Halacha Moment - Mishloach Manot 🤩🍱
״כל השונה הלכות בכל יום - מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא״ (נידה עג ע״א, מגילה כח:)
“Anyone who studies Halachot every day is guaranteed that he is destined for the world-to-come” (Megilla 28b, Niddah 73a)
Question:
What is Mishloach Manot?
Who is obligated in Mishloach Manot?
Why do we give Mishloach Manot?
Answer:
A person is obligated to send two items of food to another person on Purim day which is the Mitzvah of Mishloach Manot. Both Men and women are obligated in the mitzvah of mishloach manot. [1] Similarly, one should train his children to perform the mitzvah of Mishloach Manot. [2]
One does not fulfill his obligation of mishloach manot if he gave it anonymously. [3] Similarly, one does not fulfill his obligation of mishloach manot by giving it to a child below the age of bar or bat mitzvah. [4]
Furthermore, Mishloach manot may only be given on Purim day, not on the night before. [5]
Why do we give Mishloach Manot:
The mitzvah of mishloach manot is brought in Megillat Esther 9:19 & 22; Megillah 7b; Rambam, Hilchot Megillah 2:15; and Shulchan Aruch 695:4. There are many reasons for why we send mishloach Manot. Rabbi Shlomo Elkabetz (author of Lecha Dodi, which is recited every Friday night) in his work Manot HaLevi, Esther 9:19, p. 208 writes that we send mishloach manot to increase peace and friendship among the Jewish people. This is also the opinion of the Bach. The Ritva on Megillah 7a; Aruch HaShulchan §13; and Sdei Chemed, Purim §66 state that the reason for this custom is to increase joy. Another reason is the view of Terumat HaDeshen §111, that the purpose of mishloach manot is so that everyone will have enough food for the Purim seudah. This is similar to the view of Kol Bo §45 and Levush §4. See Rivevot Ephraim 1:459. See also Yalkut Yosef, Purim, p. 695, which brings more reasons for the mitzvah of mishloach manot.
Sources:
[1]. Rama 695:4; Ben Ish Chai, Tetzaveh 1:17; Mishnah Berurah §25; Kaf HaChaim §54 & §56; Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 140; Yalkut Yosef, Purim, p. 736.
[2]. Pri Megadim, Eshel Avraham §14; Kaf HaChaim §57; Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 142; Yalkut Yosef, Purim, p. 738; Teshuvot VeHanhagot 3:236
[3]. Yabia Omer 9:71; Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 152; Yalkut Yosef, Purim, p. 735.
[4]. Moed LeChol Chai 31:86; Ben Ish Chai, Tetzaveh 1:16; Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 145; Yalkut Yosef, Purim, p. 745; Teshuvot HaRishon LeTzion vol. 2, siman 83, halachah 3; ibid., siman– 84.
[5]. Rama 695:4. See Mishnah Berurah §22 and Aruch HaShulchan §16, which imply that one has not even fulfilled his obligation bedieved if he delivered the mishloach manot at night.
See also Laws Of The Holidays - Nacson.
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