The Daily Halacha Moment - Purim Seudah🍲🍷
״כל השונה הלכות בכל יום - מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא״ (נידה עג ע״א, מגילה כח:)
“Anyone who studies Halachot every day is guaranteed that he is destined for the world-to-come” (Megilla 28b, Niddah 73a)
Question:
What is the Purim Seudah?
Who's obligated in the Purim Seudah?
Answer:
There is a mitzvah to prepare a special meal on Purim day, which should be larger than a meal that one normally makes. [1]
If one partook of a seudah at night, he has not fulfilled this mitzvah since it says " Days of feasts and happiness" (See Megillah 7b). [2]
However, it is praiseworthy to also make a meal at night in honor of Purim. [3]
Women are also obligated to eat a seudah on Purim.[4] However, they should not drink more than just a bit of wine. [5]
One should preferably eat bread during this seudah. However, if one did not eat bread, he has nevertheless fulfilled his obligation.
[6] The seudah should also consist of meat and wine. [7] If one cannot obtain meat, he may eat chicken instead. [8]
When Purim is on erev Shabbat, the seudah may be called for after chatzot, since it is considered a seudat mitzvah. However, one should preferably not eat his seudah too close to Shabbat, and one should eat it in the morning, after hearing the Megillah and giving Mishloach manot and matanot la’evyonim. [9]
It is especially praiseworthy to discuss Torah topics during the Purim seudah. One should also take time to learn some halachot of Pesach during the seudah, since Purim is thirty days before Pesach. [10]
Sources:
[1]. Rama 695:1.
[2]. Shulchan Aruch 695:1.
[3]. Darkei Moshe 695:2; Rama 695:1; Mishnah Berurah 695:1.
[4]. Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 178.
[5]. See Shevet HaLevi, vol. 10, 18:2; Rivevot Ephraim vol. 1, siman 458; ibid., vol. 4, 173:10; Moadim U’Zemanim 2:190; Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 176; and Yalkut Yosef, Purim, p. 659. Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky also writes in Kovetz Halachot, Purim 18:8 that women may drink grape juice instead of wine to fulfill the mitzvah of simchat Purim.
[6]. See Yechaveh Daat 1:49 and Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 173 which writes that one should preferably be stringent, and have bread. See also Yalkut Yosef, Purim, p. 653; Torat HaMoadim, Purim, p. 339; Ohr LeTzion, vol. 4, 60:2; Tzitz Eliezer vol. 19, 27:4; and Shevet HaLevi 1:205.
[7]. The Shulchan Aruch, O.C. 696:7 says that even an avel may eat meat and drink wine on Purim.
See also Pri Megadim, Eshel Avraham 696:15, which says that the seudah must consist of meat and wine.
See also Divrei Yatziv, vol. 7, 65:3, which states that one must use meat, not chicken. Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 173; Shevet HaLevi, vol. 10, 18:3; and Piskei Teshuvot §2, footnote 11 also seem to imply similarly.
[8]. See Shmatata D’Moshe, Shemuot Moshe §3 and Rivevot Ephraim, vol. 1, 350:1, which state in the name of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein that chicken may be eaten instead of meat.
[9]. Rama 695:2; Kitzur Shulchan Aruch §142:5;_Aruch HaShulchan §8; Halichot Shlomo, Purim 19:26; Torat HaMoadim, Purim, p. 346; Yalkut Yosef, Purim, p. 656; Ohr LeTzion, vol. 4, 60:1.
[10]. See Rama 695:2 and Moed LeChol Chai 31:93, which state one should set aside time to learn Torah before the seudah. See also Birkei Yosef 429:2; Kaf HaChaim §2; Chazon Ovadia, Purim, p. 181; Yalkut Yosef, Purim, p. 645; and ibid., Pesach, vol. 1, p. 39 and on.
See Laws Of The Holidays - Nacson p. 607-608.
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