The Daily Halacha Moment - What Type of Learning Requires Birchot HaTorah?
״כל השונה הלכות בכל יום - מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא״ (נידה עג ע״א, מגילה כח:)
“Anyone who studies Halachot every day is guaranteed that he is destined for the world-to-come” (Megilla 28b, Niddah 73a)
Question:
What Type of Learning Requires Birchot HaTorah?
Answer:
Birchot HaTorah must be recited before engaging in any form of learning, including Torah, Midrash, Mishna, and Gemara. [1] Similarly, writing Torah, even without reading it aloud, is considered learning if the person understands what they are writing. Therefore, one must recite Birchot HaTorah beforehand. [2] When it comes to thinking or hearing Torah, according to Ashkenazic practice, one should refrain from thinking about Torah before reciting Birchot HaTorah, due to a dispute regarding whether thinking about Torah requires a blessing beforehand. However, it is permissible to perform a mitzvah before reciting the blessing, even if it involves thinking about the laws of the mitzvah. [3] However, according to Sephardic practice, thinking about words of Torah does not require Birchot HaTorah, so it is permissible to think about Torah before reciting the blessings. [4] Furthermore, listening to a speech of Divrei Torah, whether from a person or an electronic device, requires reciting Birchot HaTorah. [5]
Teaching A Halacha:
There is a dispute among the poskim regarding whether telling someone a halacha without providing a reason requires Birchot HaTorah. Some are lenient, while others recommend being strict and reciting Birchot HaShachar beforehand. [6]
Sources:
[1]. Berachot 11b; Shulchan Aruch 47:2; Yalkut Yosef 47:2.
[2]. Shulchan Aruch 47:3, based on Avudraham (at the beginning of Birchot Hashachar), states this ruling. The Magen Avraham 47:1 further clarifies that for writing to be considered learning, one must understand what they are writing; merely copying text does not qualify as learning. This view is also supported by Biur Heitev 47:2.
[3]. Mishna Berurah 47:7 who brings the Gra who argues on Shulchan Aruch.
[4]. Shulchan Aruch 47:4 based on Gemara, Shabbat 151a.
[5]. Yalkut Yosef 47:5. See Tosfot in Berachot 20b who seems to apply that there is Shomeah Ke'oneh to Talmud Torah.
[6]. Rama 47:4 based on Ran (on the Rif Shabbat 4b s.v. Makom, Avoda Zara 19b s.v. Tana, Chiddushei HaRan Avodah Zarah 44b) allows this because it is just like thinking of Torah. Yalkut Yosef 47:7 is strict.
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